[29 CFR 1926.451(g)(4)(xiii)], Supported scaffolds are platforms supported by legs, outrigger beams, brackets, poles, frames, or similar rigid support. Toeboards shall be securely fastened in place at the outermost edge of the platform and have not more than 1/4 inch (0.7 cm) clearance above the walking/working surface. Use your safety belts and lanyards when working on scaffolding at a height of 10 feet or more above ground level. Construction materials such as, but not limited to, masonry units and rolls of roofing felt, shall not be used as counterweights. Scaffolds must be equipped with proper access and may include dual access as necessary. [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(16)], The standard prohibits work on platforms cluttered with debris. Must have a minimum rung length of 11 inches, and a maximum space between rungs of 16 inches. [29 CFR 1926.451(e)], Shore and lean-to scaffolds are strictly prohibited. each suspension rope and any other independent lines are insulated from grounding. When erecting or dismantling tubular welded frame scaffolds, (end) frames, with horizontal members that are parallel, level and are not more than 22 inches apart vertically may be used as climbing devices for access, provided they are erected in a manner that creates a usable ladder and provides good hand hold and foot space. Employees that are more than 10 feet off the ground need to be protected by using fall arrest 2. Any part of a scaffold damaged or weakened such that its strength is less than that required by paragraph (a) of this section shall be immediately repaired or replaced, braced to meet those provisions, or removed from service until repaired. Paragraphs (g)(1)(i) through (vii) of this section establish the types of fall protection to be provided to the employees on each type of scaffold. EQUIPMENT. Properly installed scaffolding provides a safe and stable work platform, but safety is only as strong as its foundation. Web(1) When scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet (0.6 m) above or below a point of access, portable ladders, hook-on ladders, attachable ladders, stair towers (scaffold stairways/towers), stairway-type ladders (such as ladder stands), ramps, walkways, integral prefabricated scaffold access, or direct access from another scaffold, structure, Note to paragraph (g)(1): The fall protection requirements for employees installing suspension scaffold support systems on floors, roofs, and other elevated surfaces are set forth in subpart M of this part. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(6)] Also see, OSHA Standards and Interpretation Letter: 06/16/1999 - Scaffolds: Lifelines, support lines, and suspension ropes cannot have a common anchor point. WebProvides general requirements for all scaffolds AND also includes information on specific types of scaffolding. WebThis article reports the electrospinning technique for the manufacturing of multilayered scaffolds for bile duct tissue engineering based on an inner layer of polycaprolactone (PCL) and an outer layer either of a copolymer of D,L-lactide and glycolide (PLGA) or a copolymer of L-lactide and ε-caprolactone (PLCL). Vertically - every 20 feet (6.1 m) or less for scaffolds less than 3 feet (0.91 m) wide; every 26 feet (7.9 m) or less for scaffolds more than 3 feet (0.91 m) wide. [, When scaffold platforms are more than 24 inches (61 cm) above or below a point of access, ladders, ramps, walkways, or similar surfaces must be used. The training must include fall hazards, falling object hazards, electrical hazards, proper use of the scaffold, and handling of materials. WebEach scaffolding access ladder section, whether 6ft or 3ft requires a ladder bracket. c) Added guidance for assessing base soil conditions. [29 CFR 1926.450(b)] They must be placed perpendicular to their bearing support. How can one prevent supported scaffolding from tipping? Wondering about scaffold guardrail height requirements? Handrails, and top-rails used as handrails, must be at least 3 inches from other objects. Hook-on or attachable ladders shall be installed as soon as scaffold erection has progressed to a point that permits safe installation and use. WebWhat are the requirements for constructing scaffold platforms? Focus on Scaffolding The primary criteria used by the FSC to assess scaffolding work on site are contained within: WH 12 HIRAC FP 4 Management of Subcontractor WHS FP 6 Training arrangements H1 Working at heights The end points at each upright shall be no more than 48 inches (1.3 m) apart. Stilts may be used on a large area scaffold. When a guardrail system is used, the guardrail height must be increased in height equal to the height of the stilts. Guardrail systems installed to meet the requirements of this section shall comply with the following provisions (guardrail systems built in accordance with Appendix A to this subpart will be deemed to meet the requirements of paragraphs (g)(4)(vii), (viii), and (ix) of this section): Guardrail systems shall be installed along all open sides and ends of platforms. Manila or plastic (or other synthetic) rope being used for toprails or midrails shall be inspected by a competent person as frequently as necessary to ensure that it continues to meet the strength requirements of paragraph (g) of this section. Scaffolds and scaffold components shall not be loaded in excess of their maximum intended loads or rated capacities, whichever is less. Sound points of anchorage include structural members, but do not include standpipes, vents, other piping systems, or electrical conduit. Wire suspension ropes shall not be joined together except through the use of eye splice thimbles connected with shackles or coverplates and bolts. Non-mandatory Appendix A to this subpart contains examples of criteria that will enable an employer to comply with paragraph (a) of this section. Suspension scaffold outrigger beams shall be: Provided with stop bolts or shackles at both ends; Securely fastened together with the flanges turned out when channel iron beams are used in place of I-beams; Installed with all bearing supports perpendicular to the beam center line; Set and maintained with the web in a vertical position; and. When the falling objects are too large, heavy or massive to be contained or deflected by any of the above-listed measures, the employer shall place such potential falling objects away from the edge of the surface from which they could fall and shall secure those materials as necessary to prevent their falling. All suspension scaffold support devices, such as outrigger beams, cornice hooks, parapet clamps, and similar devices, shall rest on surfaces capable of supporting at least 4 times the load imposed on them by the scaffold operating at the rated load of the hoist (or at least 1.5 times the load imposed on them by the scaffold at the stall capacity of the hoist, whichever is greater). When can personal fall-arrest systems be used when working on scaffolding and aerial lifts? Must have rest platforms at 35-foot maximum intervals on all supported scaffolds more than 35 feet high. insulated protective covers cover the hoist. Either the manufacturers' recommendation or the following placements must be used for guys, ties, and braces: Supported scaffolds' poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights must bear on base plates and mud sills, or other adequate firm foundation. When horizontal lifelines are used, they shall be secured to two or more structural members of the scaffold, or they may be looped around both suspension and independent suspension lines (on scaffolds so equipped) above the hoist and brake attached to the end of the scaffold. ABOUT US. What are the capacity requirements for all scaffolds? [, When outrigger scaffolds are 3 inches (8 cm) or less from the front edge. Attach the lanyard to a secure member of the scaffold. Such activities shall be performed only by experienced and trained employees selected for such work by the competent person. [29 CFR 1926.450(b)], Gasoline power-operated hoists or equipment are not permitted. Tiebacks shall be equivalent in strength to the suspension ropes. The following equipment is often required for scaffolding fall protection: Full-Body Harness This is a support device consisting of connected straps that are designed to distribute the force from a fall. Guys, ties, and braces shall be installed according to the scaffold manufacturer's recommendations or at the closest horizontal member to the 4:1 height and be repeated vertically at locations of horizontal members every 20 feet (6.1 m) or less thereafter for scaffolds 3 feet (0.91 m) wide or less, and every 26 feet (7.9 m) or less thereafter for scaffolds greater than 3 feet (0.91 m) wide. There is no minimum width requirement for boatswains' chairs. When the loads specified in paragraph (g)(4)(vii) of this section are applied in a downward direction, the top edge shall not drop below the height above the platform surface that is prescribed in paragraph (g)(4)(ii) of this section. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(6)], Gears and brakes must be enclosed. Scaffolds shall not be moved horizontally while employees are on them, unless they have been designed by a registered professional engineer specifically for such movement or, for mobile scaffolds, where the provisions of 1926.452(w) are followed. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(3)(ix) and 29 CFR 1926.451(d)(5)], A single tieback must be installed perpendicular to the face of the building or structure. Scaffolds and scaffold components shall be inspected for visible defects by a competent person before each work shift, and after any occurrence which could affect a scaffold's structural integrity. Scaffold planking must be able to support, without failure, its own weight and at least four times the intended load. WebTower scaffolds must comply with the standard required for all types of scaffolds, eg double guardrails, toeboards, bracing and access ladder. The top guy, tie or brace of completed scaffolds shall be placed no further than the 4:1 height from the top. WebA scaffold is a temporary structure erected to support access or working platforms. What are some of the requirements for manually operated suspension scaffold hoists? [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(10)], Suspension ropes must be shielded from heat-producing processes. Footings shall be level, sound, rigid, and capable of supporting the loaded scaffold without settling or displacement. How to reduce the risk of injury when using bakers scaffolds This basically means that the ladder rungs should have sufficient clear space behind them to allow a foot or hand to make sufficient purchase on the rung. Single tiebacks installed at an angle are prohibited. This section does not apply to aerial lifts, the criteria for which are set out exclusively in 1926.453. Here are the scaffold guardrail Hook-on and attachable ladders shall be specifically designed for use with the type of scaffold used; Hook-on and attachable ladders shall have a minimum rung length of 11 1/2 inches (29 cm); and. Six randomly distributed broken wires in one rope lay or three broken wires in one strand in one rope lay. DESIGN & ENGINEERING. An active welding rod or uninsulated welding lead shall not be allowed to contact the scaffold or its suspension system. In the general industry, the height requirement for scaffolding is 4 feet above a lower level. For construction work, the height requirement is 6 feet above a lower level. All workers 10 feet above a lower level must have fall protection. Thereof, what is the minimum height for working at height? The Work at Height Regulations 2005 protect above the scaffold supporting level. Does a scaffold meet the requirements of 1926.502 (d) (15)? [44 FR 8577, Feb. 9, 1979; 44 FR 20940, Apr. [, Employers must ensure that all employees are trained to recognize the hazards associated with the type of scaffold being used. Some of the requirements for all types of suspension scaffolds include: Counterweights used to balance adjustable suspension scaffolds must be able to resist at least four times the tipping moment imposed by the scaffold operating at either the rated load of the hoist, or one-and-a-half (minimum) times the tipping moment imposed by the scaffold operating at the stall load of the hoist, whichever is greater. However, where the employer can demonstrate that it is not possible to place an outrigger beam perpendicular to the face of the building or structure because of obstructions that cannot be moved, the outrigger beam may be placed at some other angle, provided opposing angle tiebacks are used. What materials are unacceptable for guardrails? When an outrigger beam is used, the shackle or clevis with which the rope is attached to the outrigger beam shall be placed directly over the center line of the stirrup. WebAccess: Scaffolds must have an acceptable form of access (e.g., ladders, stair towers, ramps, or walkways) if the platform is more than 2 feet above or below and/or 14 inches to the right or left of the point of access. The use of repaired wire rope as suspension rope is prohibited. WebDetermines that each scaffold and scaffold component shall be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load applied or Scaffolds (Staging). Guardrail systems are explained below in another question. A. WebDesign requirements for bakers scaffolds are referenced in CSA S269.2 Access Scaffolding for Construction Purposes. Direct access is acceptable when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches (36 centimeters) horizontally and not more than 24 inches (61centimeters) vertically from the other surfaces. Such guys, ties and braces shall be installed at each end of the scaffold and at horizontal intervals not to exceed 30 feet (9.1 m) (measured from one end [not both] towards the other). [, All support devices must rest on surfaces capable of supporting at least four times the load imposed on them by the scaffold when operating at the rated load of the hoist, or at least one-and-a-half times the load imposed on them by the scaffold at the stall capacity of the hoist, whichever is greater. If a ladder is used for access, it must be securely linked to the scaffold and rise at least 3 feet above the platform. [29 CFR 1926.451(a)(1)] A qualified person must design the scaffolds, which are loaded in accordance with that design. the tail line is guided, retained, or both, so that it does not become grounded. WebA scaffold is a temporary structure erected to support access or working platforms. [29 CFR 1926.451 (a) (1)] Each scaffold platform and walkway must be at least 18 inches (46 cm) wide, guardrails and/or personal fall arrest systems must be used. Access requirements for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds are specifically addressed in paragraph (e)(9) of this section. Hook-on and attachable ladders shall have uniformly spaced rungs with a maximum spacing between rungs of 16 3/4 inches. Stair-rails and handrails must be designed and constructed to prevent punctures, lacerations, snagged clothing, and projection. Flowable material, such as sand or water, cannot be used. 724-452-8300. [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(3)(ii)], Counterweights must be secured by mechanical means to the outrigger beams. [29 CFR 1926.451(c)(2)(iv)]. Have slip-resistant treads on all steps and landings. When midrails, screens, mesh, intermediate vertical members, solid panels, or equivalent structural members are used, they shall be installed between the top edge of the guardrail system and the scaffold platform. Counterweights shall not be removed from an outrigger beam until the scaffold is disassembled. 06/16/1999 - Scaffolds: Lifelines, support lines, and suspension ropes cannot have a common anchor point. Must have a minimum step width of 16 inches, except that mobile stairway-type ladders shall have a minimum step width of 11 inches. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(3)(i)], No. Where the employer makes the demonstration provided for in paragraph (b)(1)(i) of this section, the platform shall be planked or decked as fully as possible and the remaining open space between the platform and the uprights shall not exceed 9 1/2 inches (24.1 cm). A suspension scaffold contains one or more platforms suspended by ropes or other non-rigid means from an overhead structure, 29 CFR 1926.450(b), such as the following scaffolds: single-point, multi-point, multi-level, two-point, adjustable, boatswain's chair, catenary, chimney hoist, continuous run, elevator false car, go-devils, interior hung, masons', and stone setters'. Unsafe scaffolding has the potential to result What protections from overhead falling objects do the standards provide? [29 CFR 1926.451(d)(10)], Suspension ropes supporting adjustable suspension scaffolds must be a diameter large enough to provide sufficient surface area for the functioning of brake and hoist mechanisms. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(1)(i)], Use fall-arrest systems also when working from the boom/basket of an aerial lift. Ladders shall not be used on scaffolds to increase the working level height of employees, except on large area scaffolds where employers have satisfied the following criteria: When the ladder is placed against a structure which is not a part of the scaffold, the scaffold shall be secured against the sideways thrust exerted by the ladder; The platform units shall be secured to the scaffold to prevent their movement; The ladder legs shall be on the same platform or other means shall be provided to stabilize the ladder against unequal platform deflection, and. [29 CFR 1926.451(c)(2)(i) and 29 CFR 1926.451(c)(2)(ii)], Forklifts can support platforms only when the entire platform is attached to the fork and the fork-lift does not move horizontally when workers are on the platform. Horizontal lifelines shall not be attached only to the suspension ropes. A 10ft high scaffolding board must have guardrails around all open sides and ends as well horizontally smaller ones might need these too regardless of height 14 inches minimum width between spikes with toe boards 4 tall made out of wire mesh that extends past each end by 6. Suspension ropes shall be shielded from heat-producing processes. The ends of all rails shall not overhang the terminal posts except when such overhang does not constitute a projection hazard to employees. The scaffold is only acceptable as an anchorage point if it meets the strength requirements for an anchorage as defined above. Sand, gravel and similar materials that can be easily dislocated shall not be used as counterweights. [, When employees are plastering and lathing 18 inches (46 cm) or less from the front edge. The independent support lines shall be equal in number and strength to the suspension ropes. 22.A.03 Prior to commencing any activity that requires work in elevated areas, all provisions for access and fall protection shall be delineated in the Site-Specific Fall Vertical lifelines, independent support lines, and suspension ropes shall not be attached to each other, nor shall they be attached to or use the same point of anchorage, nor shall they be attached to the same point on the scaffold or personal fall arrest system. The standard prohibits using repaired wire. The maximum distance from the face for outrigger scaffolds shall be 3 inches (8 cm); The maximum distance from the face for plastering and lathing operations shall be 18 inches (46 cm). Scaffold Must have their lowest rung no more than 24 inches above the level on which the scaffold is supported. Abrasion, corrosion, scrubbing, flattening or peening causing loss of more than one-third of the original diameter of the outside wires. maximum lift heights. Fall protection includes guardrail systems and personal fall arrest systems. Must have a maximum space between rungs of 16 inches. Are there specific requirements for outrigger beams? Such materials cannot be used as counterweights. WebNever alter a scaffold structure or extend it. [29 CFR 1926.451(c)(1)]. Safe points of anchorage include structural members of buildings, but do not include standpipes, vents, other piping systems, electrical conduit, outrigger beams, or counterweights. Non-uniform rung spacing caused by joining end frames together is allowed, provided the resulting spacing does not exceed 16 3/4 inches (43 cm). Must have a slope of no more than 1 vertical to 3 horizontal degrees (20 degrees above the horizontal). 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